Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Prevalence and diversity of antifungal resistance in Fusarium isolates across clinical and agricultural settings in the United States

doi: 10.1128/aac.01208-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: The overall more resistant clinical isolates to agricultural (field triazoles) than clinical azoles. F. fujikuroi SC demonstrated significantly less resistance to agricultural azoles, whereas F. solani SC exhibited higher resistance to field azoles. Violin plot of EC 50 distribution for 130 clinical Fusarium isolates in three major SCs against clinical ( A ) and agricultural ( B ) azoles. The data set includes 74 isolates of F. solani SC, 37 isolates of F. oxysporum SC, and 19 isolates of F. fujikuroi SC. The x-axis is presented on a natural logarithm (LN) scale, with corresponding EC 50 values (µg/mL) overlaid on each graph and connected by a dotted line. A natural logarithm (LN) value of 0 corresponds to an EC 50 of 1. The solid black line within each violin plot represents the median EC 50 for each group. Clinical azoles include VOZ, POZ, ITZ, FCZ, and clotrimazole (CLZ). Agricultural azoles compose TRI (triflumizole), FLU (flutriafol), DIN, OXI, and EPO. Medians between groups were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Significance levels are indicated as follows: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: FCZ was obtained from LKT Laboratory, Inc. (Cat. F4682); ITZ from Spectrum Chemical MFG.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Peroxisomes regulate virulence and cell density sensing in Cryptococcus neoformans

doi: 10.1101/2025.05.14.654083

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with C. neoformans homologs (CNAGs). Created with BioRender. (B) mfe2 Δ and pot1 Δ were sensitive to the oxidative stress inducer Diethyl Maleate (DEM). Strains mfe2 Δ and pot1 Δ were sensitive to nickel exposure while pox1 Δ had high nickel tolerance, which was especially apparent at 5 mM. 1:3 serial dilutions were spotted on minimal media agar containing either DEM (2mM) or nickel and imaged after 48 h of growth at 30°C. pox1 Δ had high nickel tolerance, which was especially apparent at 5 mM. (C) Susceptibility to fluconazole exposure. At 8 μg/mL, mfe2 Δ and pot1 Δ displayed similar fluconazole tolerance to WT at higher cell density spots and reduced tolerance in lower cell density spots. At 24 μg/mL of fluconazole, only pox1 Δ was tolerant. The colony photographs throughout the paper were taken under the same illumination and consequently some colonies appear to show very similar or identical light reflections that manifest as white dots, arcs, and other light effects. However, these photographs were each individually taken and were not spliced or combined, thus represent different sets of colonies grown under different conditions. D) Representative India ink images after 7 d in minimal media without L-DOPA (40x magnification, scale bar = 10 μm). Measurements of cell diameter (capsule + cell body), cell body diameter, and capsule radial thickness. Compared to WT, the mfe2 Δ and pot1 Δ strains had significantly smaller cell body sizes and capsule radial thickness (n= 3 biological replicates, ∼25 cells measured and pooled between biological replicates, One-way ANOVA ****, p-value <0.0001). E) Urease halo size (n = 3 biological replicates after 48 h). mfe2 Δ had a severe urease defect compared to WT (One-way ANOVA, p-value <0.0001), and pot1 Δ produced urease halos with ∼3-times the standard deviation of WT (WT: Mean=6.998 SD=0.4988, mfe2 Δ: Mean= 1.716 SD=0.2490, pot1 Δ: Mean=5.914 SD=1.406). F) Mean grey value of melanization cultures showed highly variable growth and melanization for both mfe2 Δ and pot1 Δ (n=4 biological replicates, WT: Mean=28.35, SD= 3.940, mfe2 Δ: Mean=52.24 SD= 24.59, pot1 Δ: Mean=67.52 SD=40.16). G) Low starting inoculum (1 x 10 4 cells/mL) arrests overnight growth of mfe2 Δ and pot1 Δ, resulting in reduced CFUs. H) Starting inoculum differed between serial dilution experiments in panels B & C (1 x 10 7 cells/mL) and panel G (1 x 10 4 cells/mL). Decreasing the starting inoculum markedly reduced the number of CFUs of both mutants compared to WT.

Article Snippet: Fluconazole (FLC) (MilliporeSigma) was added directly to cooled agar, and plates were used immediately.

Techniques: Produced, Standard Deviation, Serial Dilution

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Aloin remodels the cell wall of Candida albicans to reduce its hyphal virulence against oral candidiasis

doi: 10.1007/s00253-025-13411-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: MICs of fluconazole and aloin against C. albicans SC5314 and 11 clinical isolates

Article Snippet: Aloin (CAS 1415–73-2, HPLC ≥ 98%), fluconazole (FLC), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from SolarBio (Beijing, China), APExBIO (Houston, TX, USA), and MP Biomedicals (Irvine, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: